Calendar-clock.



U. S. HOITINGA.

CALENDAR CLOCK.

APPLICATION FILED DEC.26. m2.

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U. S. HOITINGA.

CALENDAR CLOCK.

APPLICATION FILED DEC.26, I912.

1,153,492. I Patented Sept. 14, 1915.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ULBE SAEKLES HOITINGA, OFWITMARSUM, NETHERLANDS, ASSIGNOR TO GEBROEDERSW ERKI-IOVEN, A FIRM F PARTNERSHIP, 0F WI'IMAR-SUM, NETHERLANDS.

CALENDAR-CLOCK.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 14, 1915.

Application filed December 26, 1912. Serial No. 738,642.

To (ZZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ULBE SAEKLES horr- 'INGA, a subject of the Queen ofthe Nether lands, residing at Witmarsum, Province of F riesland,Netherlands, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inCalendar-Clocks, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to a calendar clock which shows thefollowing:the seasons of the year, the month, the day of the month, thetime of day, the rising and setting of the sun for every degree oflatitude in the northern and southern hemi-' The principal dial consistsof a rotating inner disk and a fixed ring that encircles the rotatingdisk. Off the rotary disk" one can read the seasons of the year, themonth, the

day of the month, the time of the suns rising and setting for everydegree of latitude, the phases of the moon and the rise of the moon forevery day, also the highest and the lowest position of the moon for eachdegree of north latitude. Off the stationary ring one can read the daysof the week and the time of the day in hours.

A subsidiary dial, consisting of a fixed ring and a disk rotating in it,shows the time 'of day for every place ('6. g. for every town) on earth.Finally, on a third dial, whichturns to and fro, a hand shows thefractions of the hour, corrected.

Oneform of the calendar clock is shown by way of example in the appendeddrawings, whereon Figure 1 is a front view of the calendar clock; Fig. 2is a view from above, showing diagrammatically the clock when it isopened; and Fig. 3 is a view of a detail.

' Themechanism of the clock is fitted between three parallel plates, 1,2, and 3, and it is actuated by a clock spring which spring drives firstan ordinary correct-going clock (in Fig. 2 it is shown partly coveredover). The tooth wheel 5 engages with the tooth wheel 6. The number ofteeth on these wheels 5 and 6 is so selected that the spindle 7 of wheel6 makes one revolution in hours. The spindle 7 carries a tooth wheel 8with fifteen teeth, which gears with the thirty-six-tootl1ed wheel 10 onthe spindle 9. The spindle 9 carries the hand or pointer 11 at itsextremity and it makes one revolution in 24 hours, in the same directionas the hands of a watch. Each half of the fixed ring 12 on the principaldial (Fig. 1) is divided into twelve equal parts, so the hand 11 willshow the hours, somewhat in the same way as the small hand of anordinary clock. On the same spindle 9 there is fixed another tooth wheel13 with eight teeth, which gears into the thirty-toothed wheel 15 on thespindle 14. The spindle 16 is driven at the same speed as the spindle14, because the wheel 17 (on spindle 14) and 18 (on spindle 16), whichengage with one another, have the same number of teeth. 'The spindle 16carries a second wheel 19 with fifteen teeth, and that wheel engageswith the wheel 20, which has twenty-eight teeth. The sleeve or collar21. and the hand 22 that are connected to the wheel 20 will thereforemake a revolution in 7 days or one week, and they turn in the directioncontray to the hands of a watch. The hand 22 thus indicates the days ofthe week, as shown on the fixed ring (Fig. 1). The spindle 16 carriesalso a third tooth wheel 23 with seven teeth, which engages with thewheel 24 that has fifty-one teeth. The wheel 24 and the sleeve or collar25 and the hand 26 will therefore make one single revolution in 27 days7 hours, 4-3 minutes, turning in the same direction as the hand 22, thatis to say, counter-clockwise.

lVhile the rotary part, or respectively the center dial 27 (Fig. 1) onwhich the hand 26 gives itsindications (as will be described later)revolves once in one year of 365 days 5 hours and 13 minutes in thedirection opposite to that of the hands of a'watch, the hand 26 itselfmakes a revolution with respect to the disk 27 in 29 days 12 hoursminutes, that is to say, in one month, and it shows the phases of themoon on the center dial. The times of transition of the moon (the moonssouthing) are also shown by the hand 26, on the hour divisions of thedial 27 that coincide with the graduated circle showing the moonsphases. If the clock be set to be read, say at 9 oclock, then the timeof transition will of course be shown at 9 oclock by the hand 26.

The spindle 14 carries another tooth wheel 28 with seven teeth, whichengages with the tooth wheel 30, with fifty-one teeth, that is fixed onthe sleeve 29. The sleeve 29 is arranged to rotate on the spindle 31 andit carries another wheel 32 that engages with the wheel 33. The wheels32 and 33 have the same number of teeth on them. They are not, however,round wheels. Each of them is of a perfectly well determined form, thereasons for which will be explained later on, but notwithstanding that,the two tooth wheels can work together. A sleeve or col,- lar 34carrying the hand 35, is connected with the wheel 33. The hand 35therefore makes a complete revolution in the same period of time as thehand 26, but with variable speed. The hand 35 serves to show the timesat which the moon rises. Within the limits of a month, the moon rises atdifferent times from day to day, either earlier or later andconsequently the hand 35 must be able to rotate, with respect to thedisk 27 sometimes at an accelerated rate and sometimes at a reducedrate, in such a way that at a fixed time every day, say about 9 a. m. itwill show the time of rising of the moon on the day in question. Theacceleration and retardation of the movement of the hand 35 are producedby the non-circular wheels 32 and 33. The necessary form of those wheelscan be ascertained by calculation and by graphic methods. The hand 35,which is firmly attached to the wheel 33, now shows the times of themoons rising. The times of the moons rising must of course be read oflat the same time every day, because the hand 35 is in continual movementand therefore it can show the rising of the moon only at a fixed momentof time. For example, if the hand is set for 9 a. m. then of course thereading must be taken at 9 a. m.

In order to read off the calendar clock the times of the suns rising andsetting in the northern and southern hemispheres, the followingarrangement is adopted :-On the center dial 27 which rotates once in ayear, lines 46 are drawn in such manner that the center dial with thesunrise lines 46 marked thereon rotates once a year and every day thetime the sun rises at any degree of latitude can be read off for thatday by means of the graduated rods 45 and 47. For example, if at anyday, in a specified north latitude a line 46 is marked 8, under thedivision 50 on the rod 45 that indicates the latitude of the place inquestion, then on that day the sun rises at 8 oclock. In a similar waythe times of sunset are read off the'rod 47 which oints downward fromthe center. 44. For that reading the same lines 46 are used. It willeasily be seen that sunset in the southern hemisphere can be found bymeans of the rod 45 and sunset for the northern hemisphere by means ofthe rod 47. The lines 46 are drawn in such a way that the readings onthe rod 45 and the underlying lines 46 are correct. If the rod 47 werealways to point vertically, the times read off by means of that rodwould not be correct. During a revolution of the dial 27 that rod orpointer must be deviated to the left and must return again to'itsoriginal position. The deviation of the rod must commence on 30thDecember. It reaches its highest value on 21st June. The rod thenreturns and on 25th July or thereabout it again assumes a verticalposition. The movement of the rod 47 is effected by attaching its bentend at the point 48, in such a way as to allow it to turn, to the end ofthe fixed rod or pointer 45, and it is deviated by means of a suitablyshaped disk 49 which is fitted to the central dial 27. The requisiteform of that disk can be found empirically. The rod leans against thedisk 49 by its own weight. In case the hand 35 (to indicate the rise ofthe moon) should occupy the same position as the fixed bar 45, that isto say, if it points vertically downward, then the indication of thatpointer, read off the center dial 27 shows the time at which the moonhas reached its highest position. The lowest position of the moon isreached when the hand 35 coincides with the rod 47.

In order that the center dial 27 may make a revolution in one year, asalready mentioned, the wheel 20, which rotates once in a week and hastwenty-eight teeth, is caused to engage with a wheel 50, which likewisehas twenty-eight teeth. That wheel 50 is firmly fixed on the spindle 51,which carries a second fixed wheel 52 with twenty-three teeth. The wheel52 now gears with the wheel 54, with thirty teeth, that is loose on thespindle 53. Wheel 55, which is firmly connected with wheel 54, in itsturn engages with the forty-toothed wheel 56 that is loose on thespindle 51. The rotary speed of the wheel 56 is then transmitted to thespindle 31 by means of the wheel 57, which is firmly connected with thewheel 56, and the wheel 58, with an identical number of teeth, that isfirmly connected with the spindle 31. The spindle 31 carries a secondwheel 59, with nine teeth, and that whee] engages with the fifty-fourtoothed wheel 61 that is connected with the sleeve or collar 60. Theresult is that the center dial 27, which is connected with the sleeve60, turns through 360 in one year.

In order that it may not be necessary to alter the rolls or pointers fora leap year. the 29th of February is not marked on the dial 27. On thatday no readings can therefore be got from the calendar clock.

' must be taken from the clock will alter, for

the following reasons: The hands 11 and 70, which SllOW the time, alwaysindicate correctly, because the hand 11 makes a revolution exactly in 24hours. Now, in four years the dial 27 goes too fast by one day (29thFebruary) and so the time for taking the readings oh the clock mustgradually alter, in such a way that in a year after the clock has beenset (for 9 oclock morning) the clock will have shifted from 9 a. m. toabout 3 oclock morning, that is to say, it will be about 6 hours slow.In two years it will be at 9 p. m.; in three years it will be at 3 p. m.and in the fourth year the time I for the reading will again be 9 a. m.The

times for the readings are therefore different every day. They caneasily be set down in a table for every day.

In order to show the times for the various points, towns, etc., in thenorthern hemisphere, a subsidiary dial in the form of a disk 62 isfitted on the front of the calendar through 360 in 24 hours.

clock. It makes a revolution in 24: hours. The movement of that dial, onwhich there is'represen'ted a hemisphere 63, is best derived from thespindle 9, which also turns The transmission can be arranged byinserting the wheel 13 with eight teeth, the wheel 15 with thirty teeth,the wheel 65, fixed on spindle 64, with eight teeth, and the wheels 66and 67, each with the same number of teeth, fixed on the spindles 64-and 68. The spindle 68, which carries the disk 62 with the hemisphere68, makes a revolution in 24 hours. Now, as can be seen from Fig. 1, thefixed ring 69 is divided into twenty-four parts,

representing hours, so the meridians of any point or of any town on thehemisphere will show the time at the respective town. The indication isread off the disk 69.

The equation of time is effected automatically by the calendar clock, inthe following I The minute hand 70 (Fig. 2) is caused to rotate through180 in one hour, by the clockwork 4. It makes its rotation over a secondsubsidiary dial 71, the circumference of which is divided into 60 parts,representing minutes. To permit of the equation of time being effected,the dial 71 must make a certain definite to and fro turning movement, insuch a way that the hand will have communicated to it a movement that isaccelerated and retarded respectively with relation to the dial.

The values of the time equation recur after a year, and consequently themovement of the dial 71 must be completed in a year. That movement istherefore taken from some part of the calendar clock that revolves in ayear. The sleeve or collar 60 will serve the purpose very well. On thatcollar 60 a suitably shaped disk 72 is fixed. The form of that disk willbe indicated later on. The pin 73 of the double lever 7576, which turnsabout the pivot 7 lies against the disk 72. T he lever arm 76 is made asa toothed sector and it engages with the toothed sector 78 (Fig. 8) thatis fitted on the spindle 77. The disk 71 is driven by transmissionthrough the wheels 79, 80, 81 and 82.

To determine the form of the non-round disk, the equations of time forevery day are transferred, on any scale desired, from the center 83 of acircle to radii which mark the divisions of the day (Fig. 3). Thetransmission of movement of the disk 72 to the dial 71 must be arrangedin such a way that the dial will be put forward or put back exactly tothe extent corresponding to the equation of time.

In Fig. l the calendar clock is shown with the hands or pointers androds in position as at 9 a. in. on 1st July 1911. The indications of thepointers are as follows :Hand 11 shows the hour of the day, read off theoutside edge of the fixed ring 122'. 6. 9 oclock. Hand 70 points to Zeroon the moving disk 71, and that corresponds to an equation of time ofabout 3 minutes seconds (plus), which is indicated by the angulardifference between the hand 70 and an imaginary vertical line passingthrough the center 83. Hand 22 points to Saturday on the second circleof the fixed ring 12. Hand 26 on the center dial 27 points between thephases new moon and first quarter. Hand 35 on dial 27 points to 9.45 a.m. (read off at 9 oclock) on the circle showing divisions of the daythesame circle as shows the phases of the moon. That hour is the time ofthe moons rise. Rod 15, on the outmost devision of the dial, points to1st of July. In addition to that, if we take by way of example thelatitude of Amsterdam, which is about 52 N. latitude, we find that thedivision for 52 degrees coincides with hour-line as, indicating 3.43oclock. On 1st July therefore the sun rises at that time. Rod 17 points,for the same latitude, 52 N. to the hour-lines 16 of the center dial 27,indicating 8.2 1 as the time of sunset on 1st July.

Having now fully described my invention what I claim and desire tosecure by Letters Patent is 1. A calendar clock comprising, incombination, a fixed dial; a rotatable dial concentric with the fixeddial and having curved lines thereon for indicating the time of therising and setting of'the sun; means for rotating the rotatable dial inanticlockwise direction at the rate of once a year; and a graduated roddisposed over said lines.

2. A calendar clock comprising, in combination, a fixed dial; arotatable dial concentric with the fixed dial and having curved linesthereon for indicating the time of the rising and setting of the sun;means for rotating the rotatable dial in anticlockwise direction at therate of once a year; a graduated rod disposed over said lines; and meansfor deviating said rod slightly from side to side.

3. A calendar clock comprising, in combination, a fixed dial; arotatable dial concentric with the fixed dial and having there ondivisions and subdivisions; means for rotating the rotatable dial inanticlockwise direction at the rate of once a year; a hand revolvingover said rotatable dial in anticlockwise direction and making arevolution a month at a variable speed; and means comprisinginter-meshing non-circular wheels for revolving said hand.

4. A calendar clock comprising, in combination, a fixed dial; arotatable dial concentric with the fixed dial and having curved linesthereon for indicating the time of the rising and setting of the sun;means for rotating the rotatable dial in anticlockwise direction at therate of once a year; a graduated rod disposed over said lines; and meansfor deviating said rod slightly from side to side, said rod extendingradially from ap proximately opposite sides of the center of rotation ofthe disk.

5. A clock comprising, in combination, a main clock and adapted toindicate mean solar time; a subsidiary dial movable on its own axis; ahand movable over said subsidiary dial. for indicating time thereon; andmeans for shifting said subsidiary dial back or forth according as towhether solar time is fast or slow.

6. A clock comprising, in combination, a main clock and adapted toindicate mean solar time; a subsidiary dial movable on its own axis; ahand movable over said subsidiary dial for indicating time thereon; andmeans operatively connected with the main clock for shifting saidsubsidiary dial back or forth according as to whether solar time is fastor slow.

7. A clock comprising, in combination, a main clock and adapted toindicate mean solar time; a subsidiary dial movable on its own axis;hands movable over said subsidiary dial for indicating time thereon; andmeans comprising a rotatable cam and operatively connected to the mainclock for shifting said subsidiary dial back or forth according as towhether solar time is fast or slow.

8. A calendar clock comprising, in combination, a dial having a centraldisk rotatable relative to the dial, having divisions representing themonths, sub-divisions representing the number of days in each month,divisions and diagrams showing the phases of the moon, a rotatable hand,means for rotating the hand, means for increasing and decreasing thespeed of rotation of the hand, and clock work mechanism for rotating thecentral rotatable disk.

9. A calendar clock such as described, having a dial having a centraldisk rotatable relative to the dial, having divisions representing themonths, sub-divisions representing the number of days in each month,divisions and diagrams showing the phases of the moon, clock workmechanism for rotate ing the central rotatable disk, a rotatable hand,irregular shaped wheels actuating the rotatable hand from the clock workmechanism, and a fixed ring surrounding the cen tral rotatable disk.

10. A calendar clock such as described, having a dial with a. centralrotatable disk having thereon, divisions representing the months,sub-divisions representing the number of days in each month, divisionsand diagrams showing the phases of the moon, and lines of latitude, saiddial comprising a fixed ring surrounding the disk, a fixed graduated rodand a movable graduated rod fitted in connection with the disk and thering, indicator means working in conjunction with said disk and ring andclock work mechanism for rotating the central rotatable disk andindicator means.

11. A calendar clock such as described, having a dial with a centralrotatable disk having thereon divisions representing the months.sub-divisions representing thenumber of days in each month, divisionsand diagrams showing the phases of the moon, and lines of latitude, saiddial comprising a fixed ring surrounding the disk, a fixed graduated rodand a movable graduated rod fitted in connection with the disk and thering, means on the central rotatable disk for actuating the movablegraduated rod, indicator means working in conjunction with said disk andring and clock work mechanism for rotating the central rotatable diskand indicator means.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of twosubscribing witnesses.

ULBE SAEKLES HOITINGA.

WVitnesses:

THOMAS H. VERHAVE, D. KLEYN.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. G.

